Pages

Saturday, January 07, 2006

Press freedom in 2005



Reporters Without Borders Annual Roundup

(Released 4 January 2006)

In 2005
- 63 journalists and 5 media assistants were killed
- at least 807 journalists were arrested- 1,308 physically attacked or threatened
- and 1,006 media outlets censored

On 1 January 2006, 126 journalists and 70 cyber-dissidents were in jail around the world

In 2004… 53 journalists and 15 media assistants were killed… at least 907 journalists were arrested… at least 1,146 physically attacked or threatened … and 622 media outlets censored.

JOURNALISTS IN JAIL

CHINA: 32
CUBA: 24
ETHIOPIA: 17
ERITREA: 13
BURMA: 5

CYBER-DISSIDENTS IN PRISON
CHINA: 62
VIETNAM: 3
IRAN: 1
SYRIA: 1

FULL TEXT

THE HOOT

Thursday, January 05, 2006

Face to Face: Richard Stallman

Free Software as a Social Movement
Justin Podur interviews Richard Stallman

Richard Stallman is one of the founders of the Free Software Movement and lead developer of the GNU Operating System. His book is 'Free Software, Free Society'. I caught up with him by phone on December 1/05.

JP: Can you first of all explain the "Free Software Movement'.

RMS: The basic idea of the Free Software Movement is that the user of software deserves certain freedoms. There are four essential freedoms, which we label freedoms 0 through 3.
Freedom 0 is the freedom to run the software as you wish. Freedom 1 is the freedom to study and change the source code as you wish. Freedom 2 is the freedom to copy and distribute the software as you wish. And freedom 3 is the freedom to create and distribute modified versions as you wish. With these four freedoms, users have full control of their own computers, and can use their computers to cooperate in a community. Freedoms 0 and 2 directly benefit all users, since all users can exercise them. Freedoms 1 and 3, only programmers can directly exercise, but everyone benefits from them, because everyone can adopt (or not) the changes that programmers make. Thus, free software develops under the control of its users.

Non-free software, by contrast, keeps users divided and helpless. It is distributed in a social scheme designed to divide and subjugate. The developers of non-free software have power over their users, and they use this power to the detriment of users in various ways. It is common for non-free software to contain malicious features, features that exist not because the users want them, but because the developers want to force them on the users. The aim of the free software movement is to escape from non-free software.

JP: What was your history with the free software movement?

RMS: I launched the movement in 1983 with a deliberate decision to develop a complete world of free software. The idea is not just to produce a scattering of free programs that were nice to use. Rather, the idea is to systematically build free software so that one can escape completely from non-free software. Non-free software is basically antisocial, it subjugates it users, and it should not exist. So what I wanted was to create a community in which it does not exist. A community where we would escape from non-free software into freedom.

The first collection of programs you need in order to escape non-free software is an operating system. With an operating system, you can do a lot of things with your computer. Without an operating system, even if you have a lot of applications, you cannot do anything -- you cannot run them without an operating system. In 1983 all operating systems were proprietary. That meant that the first step you had to take in using a computer was to give up your freedom: they required users to sign a contract, a promise not to share, just to get an executable version that you couldn't look at or understand. In order to use your computer you had to sign something saying you would betray your community.

Thus, I needed to create a free operating system. It happened that operating system development was my field, so I was technically suited for the task. It was also the first job that had to be done.
The operating system we created was compatible with Unix, and was called GNU. GNU stands for "GNU is Not Unix", and the most important thing about GNU is that it is not Unix. Unix is a non-free operating system, and you are not allowed to make a free version of Unix. We developed a free system that is like Unix, but not Unix. We wrote all the parts of it from scratch.
In 1983, there were hundreds of components to the Unix operating system. We began the long process of replacing them one by one. Some of the components took a few days, others took a year or several.

By 1992, we had all of the essential components except one: the kernel. The kernel is one of the major essential components of the system. In GNU, we began developing a kernel in 1990. I chose the initial design based on a belief that it would be a quick design to implement. My choice backfired and it took much longer than I'd hoped. In 1992, the Linux kernel was liberated. It had been released in 1991, but on a non-free license. In 1992 the developer changed the license for the kernel, making it free. That meant we had a free operating system, which I call "GNU/Linux' or "GNU plus Linux'.

However, when this combination was made, the users got confused, and began to call the whole thing "Linux'. That is not very nice.

First of all, it isn't nice because there are thousands of people involved in the GNU project who deserve a share of the credit. We started the project, and did the biggest part of the work, so we deserve to get equal mention. (Some people believe that the kernel alone is more important than the rest of the operating system. This belief appears to result from an attempt to construct a justification for the "Linux" misnomer.)

But there is more at stake than just credit: the GNU Project was a campaign for freedom, and Linux was not. The developer of Linux had other motives, motives that were more personal. That does not diminish the value of his contribution. His motives were not bad. He developed the system in order to amuse himself and learn. Amusing oneself is good -- programming is great fun. Wanting to learn is also good. But Linux was not designed with the goal of liberating cyberspace, and the motives for Linux would not have given us the whole GNU/Linux system. tens of millions of users are using an operating system that was developed so they could have freedom -- but they don't know this, because they think the system is Linux and that it was developed by a student "just for fun'. (FULL TEXT)

Sunday, January 01, 2006

A New Year SOS from a Naga friend

Dear friends,
An interesting year-ender. As a journalist, I had the opportunity to read, edit and transmit year enders. But this one from one of my friends Lemyao was entirely different.
So this is my first post this year... Happy New Year
Shemin Joy

S.O.S
Lemyao Shimray


14th June 2005: The racial and communal discrimination towards people from different North East nationalities saw its heights when the fraternal organisations of the Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sang (RSS) called for uprising against "the vulgarity" as they said, "spread by Christian girls from North East in Delhi". The pamphlets were put up all across the campuses in Delhi. The translation read, "Christian girls belonging to the terrorist organisations of North East region roam around naked, and drunk late at night on the streets of Delhi. This is basically done to trap the men and then falsely accuse the men of rape in order to malign the image of Delhi and Delhi University…That, some Christian girls from Nagaland falsely accused some Bihari men of raping them in train."

One of the most serious social threats in Delhi is the increasing rape and molestation of women. The women from North East are targeted the most. When any case of woman from the North East is either raped, molested, or abused, the prejudice of the society in Delhi is such that the dress code and culture of different North East nationalities are blamed. Targeting people from North East is seen when the Kirori Mal College administration imposed a dress code only for North East students which was also publish in Times of India about his comment on it.(June 10, 2005).

22.June.2005: A letter was submitted by authorities of Delhi University to Naga Student justifying nothing to discriminate against any Gender , caste , region , religion were said regarding about the dress code for North East girl in Delhi University. And that the matter be treated as closed.

10. July.2005: A testimony from Manhoihkim "I was returning from Dwarka after Church service. When I reach Chirag, Delhi I was eve teased by a man, when I ignored he said something in Hindi and caught my hand. Then when I tried to resist he slapped me thrice on my face. I started walking away crying but he came to me again , caught me on my breast and slapped me repeatedly saying that he resides in Chirag and it is his area. He threatened me with life and modesty if I complain.
11. July.2005: In Hindustan times it was mention that on Sunday 3.30 pm a 24 years old North East girl along with her friend, while coming back to her rented room was misbehaved and molested by a Taxi service owner….and that, it is the third incident in the couple of months involving girls from North East.
13 Oct.2005: FIR was filed by North East girl A.Gunlu who stays in North Delhi hostel complaining against a person who physically assaulted and molested her while coming back from NSUD sports week.

12. Nov.2005: Two women and a man from Nagaland were attack by two young men.
15. Nov.2005: A Manipuri girl was molested by three youths in Nehru Vihar, Delhi. When the girl raise alarm, a crowd gathered but no one made any move to chastise the three men, who in turn raised voices and started threatening the victim before running away. The police were reluctant to file an FIR as the three youths were from the same locality which led to a mass protest by Manipur Student Association Delhi (MSAD).

17.Nov.2005: North East girl from Delhi University student was misbehaved by 20 years old youth when the girl had gone to the market accompanied by her brother and a friend which led to the protest from North East student.
18. Nov.2005: HINDU "Two young men have been arrested on charges of harassing a North East girl.

21. Nov.2005: TIMES OF INDIA "Two youth arrested on Sunday for allegedly assaulting North East woman on Saturday night. They beat up her cousin brother after he tried to intervene.

14. Dec.2005: A Manipuri woman in Gurgoan was almost dragged into truck on 12.Dec at 6.30pm. She manages to escape at the last minute. According to the police the woman was walking through main gate when a truck started following her. The driver offered a lift which she refused, but the truck continued to follow her as she walks into the colony of Sun City. After a while the truck driver and his cleaner started passing lewd remarks, forcing the woman to run into a narrow lane. Her pursuers got off from the vehicle and began chasing her and tried to drag her into the vehicle. The Manipuri women, however, manage to break free and run towards a nearby house. She rang the bell and sought refuge there. Said the investigating officer "neither the Sun City management nor the resident informed police and thus the investigation got delayed and the truck driver managed to flee and the guard could not chase them."

Now the situation has worsened and the women in Delhi are not safe at all even in broad daylight. The police are reluctant to work on it if it is to do with North East which gives more courage for the culprit, the public watch as a mere spectator if we defend ourselves and judge us as outcaste and uncivilised if we create scene while defending ourselves.
Such is the case when I broke a finger of an Indian man in a crowded bus when he grope and try to squeeze my buttock. When I threatened to gouge his eyes out next time I was left with a comfortable space in that crowded bus by the public inside with a clear message that there is one insane, uncivilised, wild North East girl among the well mannered ladies and gentlemen. No one judge him but they make a point to recognise me as an outcaste.
Most of the women who are the victims are either those working late as in call centre or showroom or student staying in rent. The mindset of the young generation in Delhi about North East is that we are too liberal in every way and that we should be more conservatives are lame excuses and have nothing to do with culture and upbringing. There are many Indians who wear only Salwar Kameez and still work as a call girl, many who don’t touch a drink but still give free sex! This outrage alarming gesture is a plain Gender, caste; region, religion and sexual discrimination which even the administrator are in hand encouraging the Indian youth.

It is an appeal to organisation from back home to at least take an immediate initiative to black out such mentality and for the safe guard of North East women in Delhi. The above mention incident are few that were spotted within half a year and many were left unreported and unspotted, which cannot und ermined as not serious. Support and initiative from back home is only the hope the NorthEast women can rely on this New Year for their safety.

KUKNALIM!!!!!